DO YOU KNOW RARE TYPES OF DIABETES THAT CAN BE DEADLY? 😱😱😱

Before talking about the RARE types of the disease, let's get to know about common diabetes well. 

 WHAT IS DIABETES?

Diabetes is elevated blood glucose levels above the normal range for a longer duration. This can be due to mainly two reasons.

1. Insulin deficiency

2. Body cells become resistant to the action of insulin.

But most of the time both of these reasons occur together.

WHAT IS INSULIN? 

Insulin is a protein secreted by the pancreas (the pancreas is an organ in your tummy) . this insulin is the main hormone that controls your blood sugar level. 

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF THE DIABETES?

There are various classifications to classify diabetes. But diabetes can simply classify into three common categories.

1.  Type 1 diabetes
2.  Type 2 diabetes
                                                                                                             
3.  Gestational diabetes
4. other rare types of diabetes

RARE TYPES OF DIABETES

1. Monogenic diabetes
2. Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes

MONOGENIC DIABETES

Mono means one and genic means origin from a gene. therefore monogenic diabetes means diabetes caused by one abnormal gene. 

So does it mean all other types are caused by several abnormal genes?😨

The answer is yes. But genes are not the only causative factor for the common types of diabetes. There are several other factors like bad food habits, obesity, inactivity. 

let's get back to the topic.😅

All the cells in the human body are programmed for their function and structure. This program is written on a special type of chemicals called DNA. This DNA is very well organized. GENE is a small portion of DNA that contains details about one specific function. DNA  passes this well-written program from parent to children and the children to grandchildren. But unfortunately, if there is any bad change in this written program that change also gets transmitted through the generations. These changes bad are the course of genetically inherited disease.     

What happens in monogenic diabetes is GENE that responsible for INSULIN production gets changed. This abnormal gene cannot produce insulin in adequate quantities leading to the development of diabetes.

There are two types of monogenic diabetes. 

• neonatal diabetes mellitus 

              Here newborn babies developed diabetes due to abnormal gene acquired from the parents. Sometimes this can be transient but unfortunately, this can appear in later life. 

• Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 

           This type of diabetes occurs during adolescence or early adulthood. 

 this monogenic diabetes can be identified by genetic testing in suspected patients. 

who are the suspected patients?

• Occurrence of diabetes within the first 6 months of life.
• diabetes mellitus in young without obesity, bad food habits or inactivity.
• very strong family history. 

CYSTIC FIBROSIS-RELATED DIABETES

   Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that passes from parents to children. There, an abnormal gene produces very thick mucus everywhere in the body. these thick mucus block the ducts and tubes in the body those transfer secretions. when the pancreatic ducts get obstructed get due to these thick secretions pancreas gets scarred. this will lead to insulin deficiency. 

Here we discussed some rare types of diabetes. if you have any queries ask them in the comment section. I have written a book about the basics of common types of diabetes mellitus in a very simple manner with minimum use of medical terms. you don't need any medical knowledge to understand the book. All the advanced concepts are written in a very simplified version. check this out.

   DIABETES POCKET GUIDE By Dr.R.M.G.L.ESLY